When active movement is dysfunctional but passive movement is functional, what type of dysfunction is indicated?

• A. Mobility dysfunction
• B. Stability and/or motor control dysfunction
• C. Strength deficit
• D. Sensory deficit

Answer: (B)

When passive movement is functional, the joint’s structural length and the tissues around it aren’t the limiting factor. The problem lies in how the muscles coordinate and stabilize the joint during movement. If someone can move the joint passively through its range but cannot control or generate that motion actively, it points to stability and/or motor control dysfunction. This reflects neuromuscular issues like impaired timing, recruitment, or proprioceptive feedback rather than a mechanical restriction or true weakness. For example, the joint can move when moved by someone else, but the person can’t actively regulate the movement or keep the joint stable during active tasks, consistent with motor control/stability deficits.